2020-09-28 /posts/a98e83bc/ 99+ 6 分钟 0.8 k 0次访问

CentOS/Ubuntu locale 中添加中文支持

CentOS/Ubuntu 中中文乱码问题解决

使用容器 CentOS与Ubuntu 默认 locale 中无 zh_CN.UTF-8

CentOS

进入容器

shell

1	# docker run --rm -it --name centos centos:7 bash

通过 locale -a 可看到当前环境中无中文相关（zh_CN.UTF-8）

shell >folded

# locale -a
C
POSIX
en_AG
en_AG.utf8
en_AU
en_AU.iso88591
en_AU.utf8
en_BW
en_BW.iso88591
en_BW.utf8
en_CA
en_CA.iso88591
en_CA.utf8
en_DK
en_DK.iso88591
en_DK.utf8
en_GB
en_GB.iso88591
en_GB.iso885915
en_GB.utf8
en_HK
en_HK.iso88591
en_HK.utf8
en_IE
en_IE.iso88591
en_IE.iso885915@euro
en_IE.utf8
en_IE@euro
en_IN
en_IN.utf8
en_NG
en_NG.utf8
en_NZ
en_NZ.iso88591
en_NZ.utf8
en_PH
en_PH.iso88591
en_PH.utf8
en_SG
en_SG.iso88591
en_SG.utf8
en_US
en_US.iso88591
en_US.iso885915
en_US.utf8
en_ZA
en_ZA.iso88591
en_ZA.utf8
en_ZM
en_ZM.utf8
en_ZW
en_ZW.iso88591
en_ZW.utf8

使用 echo 时可发现命令行中中文出现乱码

添加中文环境包

shell

1
2
3

# yum -y groupinstall Fonts
# yum -y install kde-l10n-Chinese
# yum -y reinstall glibc-common

转化语言环境和字符集

shell

1	# localedef -c -f UTF-8 -i zh_CN zh_CN.UTF-8

设定默认 locale 为中文UTF-8

shell

1 2	# export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 # export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8

设置环境变量前

shell

# locale
LANG=
LC_CTYPE="POSIX"
LC_NUMERIC="POSIX"
LC_TIME="POSIX"
LC_COLLATE="POSIX"
LC_MONETARY="POSIX"
LC_MESSAGES="POSIX"
LC_PAPER="POSIX"
LC_NAME="POSIX"
LC_ADDRESS="POSIX"
LC_TELEPHONE="POSIX"
LC_MEASUREMENT="POSIX"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="POSIX"
LC_ALL=

设置 locale 为 zh_CN.UTF-8 后

shell

# locale
LANG=
LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8

使用 echo 测试

Dockerfile 示例：

Dockerfile

ARG VERSION=7
FROM centos:${VERSION}

RUN yum -y groupinstall Fonts \
    && yum -y install kde-l10n-Chinese \
    && yum -y reinstall glibc-common \
    && localedef -c -f UTF-8 -i zh_CN zh_CN.UTF-8

ENV LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 \
    LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8

Ubuntu

进入容器

shell

1	# docker run --rm -it --name ubuntu ubuntu:14.04 bash

通过 locale -a 可看到当前环境中无中文相关（zh_CN.UTF-8）
shell
1
2
3
4
# locale -a
C
C.UTF-8
POSIX
安装中文支持，如果需要繁体可以安装 language-pack-zh-hant 包
shell
1
# apt -y install language-pack-zh-hans-base language-pack-zh-hans

更新对应的 locale 文件，可以看到更新至最新的语言文件

shell

# dpkg-reconfigure locales
Generating locales...
zh_CN.UTF-8... up-to-date
zh_SG.UTF-8... up-to-date
Generation complete.

设定默认 locale 为中文UTF-8

shell

1
2
3

# export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
# export LANGUAGE=zh_CN:zh:en_US:en
# export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8

设置环境变量前

shell

# locale
LANG=
LANGUAGE=
LC_CTYPE="POSIX"
LC_NUMERIC="POSIX"
LC_TIME="POSIX"
LC_COLLATE="POSIX"
LC_MONETARY="POSIX"
LC_MESSAGES="POSIX"
LC_PAPER="POSIX"
LC_NAME="POSIX"
LC_ADDRESS="POSIX"
LC_TELEPHONE="POSIX"
LC_MEASUREMENT="POSIX"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="POSIX"
LC_ALL=

设置 locale 为 zh_CN.UTF-8 后

shell

# locale
LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=zh_CN:zh:en_US:en
LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8

Dockerfile 示例：

Dockerfile

ARG VERSION=14.04
FROM ubuntu:${VERSION}

RUN apt -y install language-pack-zh-hans-base language-pack-zh-hans \
    && dpkg-reconfigure locales

ENV LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 \
    LANGUAGE=zh_CN:zh:en_US:en \
    LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8